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Black Willow

Salix nigra

$ · BudgetHardwoodDomestic (North America)
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Hardness (Janka)
420 lbf
Workability
Good
Seasonal movement?
Medium
Type
Hardwood

Hardness

Very soft, dents easily; great for carving, poor for floors.

Pine
Cherry
Red Oak
Hard Maple
Hickory

Overview

A soft, lightweight utility hardwood historically used for boxes, crates, and artificial limbs.

Commonly built

Appearance

Grayish-brown to reddish-brown, with a fairly plain, straight grain.

Recommended uses

Crates & boxesCarving

Uses to avoid

Fine furniture

Similar species

Comparable on hardness, type, and workability, useful when this species isn't available.

Working notes

Soft and easy to cut, but somewhat fuzzy or woolly when machined, sand progressively for a clean surface.

Wood movement

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn black willow panel moves roughly 0.48 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content). Use the wood movement calculator to run your own board size and moisture range.

How much does Black Willow move? → See flatsawn vs. quartersawn figures and a worked example.

Common questions

How hard is Black Willow?

Black Willow has a Janka hardness of 420 lbf, a measure of how well it resists denting and wear.

Is Black Willow suitable for outdoor use?

Black Willow is best used indoors; it is not naturally suited to sustained outdoor or wet conditions.

How easy is Black Willow to work with?

Black Willow has Good workability for cutting, shaping, and joinery.

How much does Black Willow move seasonally?

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn black willow panel moves roughly 0.48 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content).

Community photos

Real photos from woodworkers who've used black willow, reviewed before they appear here.

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Wood data varies by source and sample. How we source and review our data.