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Southern Yellow Pine

Pinus taeda

$ · BudgetSoftwoodDomestic (Southeastern US)
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Popular comparisons: vs eastern white pine, vs douglas fir
Hardness (Janka)
690 lbf
Workability
Good
Seasonal movement?
Medium
Type
Softwood

Hardness

On the soft side; easy to work, but marks with hard use.

Pine
Cherry
Red Oak
Hard Maple
Hickory

Overview

The strongest common construction softwood, dense, resinous, and stiff. Great structural strength for the price, though the hard latewood bands can fight your tools.

Commonly built

Appearance

Pale yellow sapwood with reddish-brown heartwood and bold, high-contrast growth rings. Strong, busy grain.

Recommended uses

Structural framingFlooringWorkbenchesTimber framing

Uses to avoid

Fine furnitureUntreated outdoor use

Similar species

Comparable on hardness, type, and workability, useful when this species isn't available.

Working notes

Strong and stiff but resinous, pitch can gum up blades, and the alternating soft/hard rings cause uneven cutting and tearout. Holds fasteners well. Takes preservative treatment readily (the basis of pressure-treated lumber).

Wood movement

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn southern yellow pine panel moves roughly 0.40 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content). Use the wood movement calculator to run your own board size and moisture range.

How much does Southern Yellow Pine move? → See flatsawn vs. quartersawn figures and a worked example.

Common questions

How hard is Southern Yellow Pine?

Southern Yellow Pine has a Janka hardness of 690 lbf, a measure of how well it resists denting and wear.

Is Southern Yellow Pine suitable for outdoor use?

Southern Yellow Pine is best used indoors; it is not naturally suited to sustained outdoor or wet conditions.

How easy is Southern Yellow Pine to work with?

Southern Yellow Pine has Good workability for cutting, shaping, and joinery.

How much does Southern Yellow Pine move seasonally?

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn southern yellow pine panel moves roughly 0.40 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content).

Finishing notes

Very strong early/late wood contrast makes even staining difficult, use a conditioner or gel stain, or clear-finish to show the bold grain. Resinous, so seal knots and resin streaks with shellac before finishing to prevent bleed-through. Takes paint and clear finishes well otherwise.

Community photos

Real photos from woodworkers who've used southern yellow pine, reviewed before they appear here.

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Wood data varies by source and sample. How we source and review our data.