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Hickory

Carya spp.

$$ · ModerateHardwoodDomestic (North America)
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Popular comparisons: vs red oak, vs white oak, vs pecan
Hardness (Janka)
1820 lbf (1820–1880)
Workability
Fair
Seasonal movement?
Medium
Type
Hardwood

Hardness

Very hard; tough on tools but extremely wear-resistant.

Pine
Cherry
Red Oak
Hard Maple
Hickory

Overview

One of the toughest, hardest domestic woods. Incredible shock resistance, the classic choice for tool handles and rustic, hard-wearing furniture.

Commonly built

Appearance

Pale tan to reddish-brown heartwood with near-white sapwood; often dramatic contrast between the two. Bold, sometimes wild grain.

Recommended uses

Tool handlesRustic furnitureFlooringSteam-bent partsCabinets

Uses to avoid

Delicate detail workBeginners

Similar species

Comparable on hardness, type, and workability, useful when this species isn't available.

Working notes

Hard and dense, dulls edges and can be tough on tools. Prone to tearout; sharp cutters and patience help. Glues and finishes well once worked. Excellent steam-bending.

Wood movement

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn hickory panel moves roughly 0.65 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content). Use the wood movement calculator to run your own board size and moisture range.

How much does Hickory move? → See flatsawn vs. quartersawn figures and a worked example.

Common questions

How hard is Hickory?

Hickory has a Janka hardness of 1820 lbf, a measure of how well it resists denting and wear.

Is Hickory suitable for outdoor use?

Hickory is best used indoors; it is not naturally suited to sustained outdoor or wet conditions.

How easy is Hickory to work with?

Hickory has Fair workability for cutting, shaping, and joinery.

How much does Hickory move seasonally?

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn hickory panel moves roughly 0.65 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content).

Finishing notes

Takes stain reasonably evenly but the strong contrast between pale sapwood and darker heartwood is hard to fully hide, so many finishers embrace the two-tone look under a clear finish. Dense and hard, so finish penetrates slowly. Open grain can be filled. Clear film finishes show off its rustic character.

Community photos

Real photos from woodworkers who've used hickory, reviewed before they appear here.

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Wood data varies by source and sample. How we source and review our data.