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Basswood

Tilia americana

$ · BudgetHardwoodDomestic (North America)
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Popular comparisons: vs eastern white pine
Hardness (Janka)
410 lbf
Workability
Excellent
Seasonal movement?
Small
Type
Hardwood

Hardness

Very soft, dents easily; great for carving, poor for floors.

Pine
Cherry
Red Oak
Hard Maple
Hickory

Overview

The carver's wood, soft, fine, and nearly grainless, it cuts like butter in any direction. Too soft for furniture, but unmatched for detail carving.

Commonly built

Appearance

Pale creamy white to light brown, with a very fine, even, almost featureless grain. Minimal figure.

Recommended uses

CarvingWhittlingModel-makingPainted workMusical instrument parts

Uses to avoid

FlooringStructural use

Similar species

Comparable on hardness, type, and workability, useful when this species isn't available.

Working notes

Extremely soft and easy to carve in any direction without tearout, the standard for hand and relief carving. Holds crisp detail. Too soft for surfaces that take wear. Paints well.

Wood movement

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn basswood panel moves roughly 0.52 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content). Use the wood movement calculator to run your own board size and moisture range.

How much does Basswood move? → See flatsawn vs. quartersawn figures and a worked example.

Common questions

How hard is Basswood?

Basswood has a Janka hardness of 410 lbf, a measure of how well it resists denting and wear.

Is Basswood suitable for outdoor use?

Basswood is best used indoors; it is not naturally suited to sustained outdoor or wet conditions.

How easy is Basswood to work with?

Basswood has Excellent workability for cutting, shaping, and joinery.

How much does Basswood move seasonally?

A 24-inch-wide flatsawn basswood panel moves roughly 0.52 inch across a typical seasonal humidity swing (about 6% to 12% moisture content).

Finishing notes

Soft, fine, even grain that carves beautifully but drinks up stain and blotches badly, so condition well or use dye if coloring. Most often left natural under a light clear finish, or painted. A wash coat of dewaxed shellac before any pigment stain is close to mandatory for even color.

Community photos

Real photos from woodworkers who've used basswood, reviewed before they appear here.

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Wood data varies by source and sample. How we source and review our data.